Preparation of Sulphuric Acid by Contact process

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Preparation of Sulphuric Acid by Contact process

We will first start by addressing the question of what is sulphuric acid. Well, sulphuric acid is basically an oxidizing agent, a strong mineral acid, and a dehydrating agent. Sulphuric acid has the chemical formula H2SO4.

 

Sulphuric Acid Structure

The acid is a colourless liquid. It is soluble in water and generally releases heat on contact. Further, the acid is corrosive in nature to metals and tissues. It will even char wood and most other organic matter on contact, but chances of objects catching fire are null. The acid has a density of 15 lb/gal. Exposure to the acid can result in adverse health effects from inhalation. It depends on the rate of exposure and concentration.

 

Preparation of Sulphuric Acid by Contact process

 

Sulphuric Acid 3D ball Structure

That being said, the acid is usually manufactured using a method known as the contact process. Earlier, in this process, a chemical element known as platinum was first used as a catalyst. Later, an inorganic compound known as vanadium oxide replaced platinum due to cost constraints.

In any case, today we will be looking at the contact process in detail.

process for manufacturing of sulphuric acid

Contact process for manufacturing of sulphuric acid:

Steps involved in the manufacturing of sulphuric acid are as stated below:

  1. Preparation of sulphur dioxide.
  2. Conversion of sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide.
  3. Conversion of sulphur trioxide formed into concentrated H2SO4.

Step 1: Preparation of sulphur dioxide:

SO2 is prepared by burning sulphur in the presence of excess air so that the product combines with oxygen which is helpful for the next stage.

S(s) + O2 (g) → SO2(g)

Step 2: Preparation of sulphur trioxide:

Sulphur trioxide is formed when sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen in a ratio of 1:1 at a temperature of 400 °C – 450°C and a pressure of 1-2 atm in the presence of V2O5 as a catalyst. This reaction is reversible in nature.

2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)

Step 3: Preparation of concentrated sulphuric acid:

The sulphur trioxide formed is first made to react with concentrated sulphuric acid. Sulphur trioxide cannot be dissolved in water directly as it leads to the formation of fog. The product obtained after this reaction is known as oleum. The oleum obtained is then dissolved in water to obtain concentrated sulphuric acid.

H2SO4 + SO3(g) → H2S2O7(l)

H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) → 2H2SO4

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